{"id":"W7125066638","doi":"10.1007/978-981-95-1869-2_1","title":"What Is a Groupoid?","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Sureys and tutorials in the applied mathematical sciences","topic":"Mathematics and Applications","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Homogeneous space; Congruence (geometry); Set (abstract data type); Plane (geometry); Reflection (computer programming); Base (topology)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003874889,0.0004472764,0.0008646551,0.0001572913,0.0003651995,0.0006438627,0.0009500794,0.0003440714,0.0005599677],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000210734,0.0002673912,0.0001491667,0.0001828607,0.000668962,0.0001214102,0.0002590488,0.0003928837,0.0000819472],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003071164,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009729985,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003493957,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001236628,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971936,0.00003982156,0.0008846212,0.0006246443,0.0008690466,0.0003882291],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9948949,0.003890132,0.0003612216,0.00072664,0.0000492137,0.00007794015],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002886253,0.00007005008,1.910506e-7,0.0004003275,0.00002461412,0.000001815333,0.001045789,9.946876e-8,0.00001161208,0.9715876,0.02547707,0.00137794],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001447805,0.00002277143,3.367351e-7,0.0004509715,0.0001014807,0.000006881988,0.0003162755,0.00003756934,0.00002970363,0.8914064,0.1072077,0.0002750958],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001276617,0.0006446551,0.0009719807,0.002682006,0.0004352986,0.001511437,0.00002925058,0.00006212068,0.9935356],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01844377,0.008643528,0.1053188,0.006503145,0.004022518,0.00234489,0.00003500965,0.0002867726,0.8544016],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.139134,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999778,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06800148666560342,"score_gpt":0.3373316665155472,"score_spread":0.2693301798499438,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}