{"id":"W7125267529","doi":"10.1109/sensors59705.2025.11331038","title":"State of Charge Estimation of Batteries Using Physics Guided Neural Network and Sensor Data","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Artificial neural network; State (computer science); Charge (physics); State of charge; Energy (signal processing)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001702655,0.0003073414,0.000287783,0.0003605902,0.0001706834,0.0004466244,0.0003833212,0.000393491,0.0005641349],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008715172,0.0001764797,0.0002206283,0.0003795414,0.0001758083,0.0007454903,0.0002525103,0.0003427329,0.0001327393],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003973519,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002854529,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003715946,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004806608,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999949,0.000007192707,0.000003438457,0.00001474955,0.00001914667,0.000006429074],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998568,0.00005805154,0.00002071831,0.00001073336,0.00004814625,0.000005428979],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001761162,0.00008669572,0.004761317,0.0000832213,0.00005295238,0.00007283183,0.00003813733,0.9015893,0.01114259,0.001734917,0.0007596586,0.07950226],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001660079,0.000007436858,0.0007799531,0.000001887632,0.000002785021,0.00000655346,0.000002926015,0.9970784,0.001306741,0.0007250862,0.00008403914,0.000002531207],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4896288,0.001152021,0.5012771,0.0003335137,0.0001264137,0.00005352406,0.0002830942,0.0007668321,0.006378794],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9908167,0.0001427174,0.007964917,0.00002134771,0.00001378049,0.00001418958,0.00009199305,0.00001037064,0.0009238839],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003715946,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007388592,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0656512112438846,"score_gpt":0.3431846803982349,"score_spread":0.2775334691543503,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}