{"id":"W7127089309","doi":"10.18280/ijsse.151108","title":"Behavioral and Demographic Data-Driven Cybersecurity Risk Classification Using K-Means Clustering on Active Internet Users","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering","topic":"Spam and Phishing Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Cluster analysis; The Internet; Internet users; Poison control; k-means clustering; Fuzzy clustering","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008572992,0.0002982555,0.0003677554,0.0008153311,0.0001732818,0.0005089105,0.001092043,0.0002038103,0.000007022702],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001990433,0.0003253494,0.0001224118,0.0003520538,0.0001067655,0.001765659,0.000673737,0.001089356,6.051945e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002879066,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001028835,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003870773,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001596089,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977883,0.0001329597,0.0008005862,0.0004923886,0.000536897,0.0002488581],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982501,0.0002562777,0.0006190952,0.0003396425,0.0003714446,0.0001634347],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.005860189,0.001567041,0.04986237,0.000582736,0.005564319,0.0005082818,0.048643,0.2572851,0.004979309,0.0258355,0.0002118558,0.5991004],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001017953,0.000190841,0.03179459,0.000967822,0.0001775365,0.0001998597,0.0003014876,0.963205,0.0002244287,0.0003541708,0.001311326,0.0002549246],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6072881,0.0005322604,0.3875876,0.0005387847,0.003763093,0.000119543,0.0001011075,0.00002697417,0.0000425617],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9933529,0.002618882,0.003603839,0.00006304998,0.0003283224,7.96085e-7,0.0000121364,0.00001463561,0.000005393173],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.70592,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999198,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02811979206447434,"score_gpt":0.2849026931909782,"score_spread":0.2567829011265039,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}