{"id":"W7127371691","doi":"10.1109/ccece64018.2025.11364438","title":"Automatic SystemVerilog Assertion Generation: Challenges and Opportunities","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Correctness; Assertion; Automation; Formal verification; Formal methods; Debugging; Formal specification","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009295076,0.0007793434,0.0005717621,0.001177442,0.0006064585,0.002078838,0.002002972,0.0008053155,0.003720507],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02322097,0.0006285695,0.0007251522,0.000657944,0.00160984,0.00305416,0.001748774,0.001865072,0.002177313],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007431559,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002306645,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000870163,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001554675,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9931999,0.003126594,0.0002935788,0.0005416468,0.002510927,0.0003273712],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.968274,0.01963814,0.001947689,0.005975976,0.003903095,0.0002610961],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003512588,0.0003307954,0.004270676,0.001512857,0.00009258784,0.0007629528,0.001775582,0.03396548,0.05741638,0.1286953,0.01409948,0.7567266],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002354462,0.0006009978,0.001785117,0.001282454,0.0001176342,0.001861853,0.0009048295,0.4869557,0.1454686,0.2133522,0.1472562,0.0001789857],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.01683076,0.001280873,0.9686248,0.002022548,0.0001332638,0.0001807428,0.0001966418,0.006123435,0.00460691],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1825084,0.001534214,0.810216,0.0005748878,0.0001073585,0.0001958131,0.0008147862,0.00193396,0.00211468],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009295076,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04915762,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08868305995046277,"score_gpt":0.2666751922442835,"score_spread":0.1779921322938208,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}