{"id":"W7127381068","doi":"10.1109/ccece64018.2025.11364409","title":"Preliminary Study of Learning Models to Understand the Effect of Unlabelled Data for IoT Attack Detection","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Unsupervised learning; Supervised learning; Random forest; Anomaly detection; Support vector machine; Stochastic gradient descent; Outlier; Semi-supervised learning; Online machine learning","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01696786,0.001982422,0.001290346,0.001361212,0.0008003459,0.001632795,0.001882569,0.002094148,0.001066452],"category_scores_gemma":[0.06377745,0.0005389233,0.001270997,0.000905966,0.0009427803,0.003467464,0.0009407041,0.003026278,0.0005418287],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002046599,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001490997,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01101003,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01380025,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9948472,0.003078666,0.0002377922,0.0009183013,0.0006673808,0.0002507068],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9231749,0.06315713,0.002206832,0.004380518,0.006477781,0.0006027657],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009219488,0.0008822855,0.01758645,0.0003219896,0.0003259554,0.0001381806,0.0003351407,0.8436716,0.003366425,0.004337724,0.003574023,0.1245383],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001041049,0.0001373601,0.001171458,0.00002846704,0.00001897629,0.00002754792,0.000028194,0.994869,0.001490419,0.001880653,0.0003241724,0.00001342098],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3817098,0.002744904,0.6041728,0.002205192,0.0004732918,0.0006127136,0.00149869,0.002087086,0.004495503],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8630871,0.0004497071,0.1317737,0.0004680209,0.0001467238,0.0002607127,0.001810101,0.0001947205,0.001809148],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01696786,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08973569,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07657376094264369,"score_gpt":0.3133333251114815,"score_spread":0.2367595641688379,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}