{"id":"W7128181469","doi":"10.3138/ccar.v3i2.467","title":"Some Comparisons Between Class Actions in Canada and The U.S.: Securities Class Actions, Certification, and Costs","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Class Action Review","topic":"Dispute Resolution and Class Actions","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Class (philosophy); Class action; Control (management); New class","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01150339,0.0005009314,0.0006617517,0.02977797,0.005967396,0.00824098,0.002745479,0.001674483,0.00391132],"category_scores_gemma":[0.04053928,0.0004058888,0.001013399,0.04150721,0.002581681,0.001877724,0.0009898334,0.002561709,0.0002254069],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.1165118,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.1621492,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9910551,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9964412,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9840001,0.001179227,0.0007395782,0.0005015464,0.01151434,0.002065135],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9218497,0.01464376,0.003415218,0.0007138643,0.05769796,0.001679559],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002893096,0.00009044827,0.05097777,0.004001401,0.000338298,0.0003180182,0.006441195,0.003136116,0.0005542922,0.2610503,0.4279423,0.2448605],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004833308,0.00008030817,0.3149371,0.003073171,0.0004967574,0.000109358,0.007263072,0.0009649898,0.0007801485,0.006317574,0.6657567,0.0001724777],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.08416769,0.4709987,0.001754214,0.05765003,0.002664525,0.0003891831,0.01772921,0.0001268412,0.3645196],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7117769,0.2269254,0.002671197,0.01423156,0.0009875998,0.0002060026,0.008974533,0.0001218642,0.03410499],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1165118,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8453561,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04779290514284004,"score_gpt":0.2604022095800074,"score_spread":0.2126093044371673,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}