{"id":"W7128181469","doi":"10.3138/ccar.v3i2.467","title":"Some Comparisons Between Class Actions in Canada and The U.S.: Securities Class Actions, Certification, and Costs","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Class Action Review","topic":"Dispute Resolution and Class Actions","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Class (philosophy); Class action; Control (management); New class","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003487271,0.0002572076,0.0004444312,0.0003340179,0.0007852002,0.0003446338,0.0001793444,0.00008788668,0.0001615999],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009569334,0.0002280403,0.00007857838,0.0007380676,0.0002114227,0.0009435862,0.00004271792,0.0003963989,0.00005140403],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001369668,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007449911,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.984359,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9986919,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982697,0.00008021868,0.0005804462,0.0003701455,0.0002518792,0.0004476627],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989535,0.0001656896,0.0002944103,0.0003299894,0.0001459505,0.0001104384],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001235974,0.00003604187,0.04145889,0.0009681589,0.00007422601,0.000006031972,0.000009876434,0.00005429485,0.00001708553,0.5006103,0.4327912,0.02396151],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004147642,0.000001322334,0.1276284,0.0003489475,0.0001374681,0.000009503899,0.0003320489,0.0007756165,0.000001708847,0.0002340967,0.8698922,0.000223896],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1583742,0.1379836,0.0002709668,0.4919083,0.004157372,0.005908502,0.0005949797,0.0004345366,0.2003675],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9717942,0.01808766,0.000009494051,0.008245992,0.0007571357,0.0002181377,0.0002025471,0.0000305142,0.0006543109],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.81342,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9299214,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04779290514284004,"score_gpt":0.2604022095800074,"score_spread":0.2126093044371673,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}