{"id":"W7128209445","doi":"10.3138/ccar.v13i2.255","title":"“Cost-Shifting” and Access to Justice: A Quantitative Review of Certification Motion Cost Awards in Ontario","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Class Action Review","topic":"Dispute Resolution and Class Actions","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Plaintiff; Certification; Context (archaeology); Commission; Class (philosophy); Class action","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005681361,0.000155514,0.000334391,0.0004068309,0.0001735799,0.0001176774,0.0001685166,0.0000554664,0.001251423],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005347028,0.0001583605,0.00007739002,0.001089099,0.00005987869,0.0009903783,0.00004257349,0.0001605652,0.0002930023],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006012812,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000288816,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2925969,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9353997,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987172,0.0000366315,0.0004929741,0.0003079697,0.0001873425,0.0002579173],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988699,0.00002744954,0.000298531,0.0002514113,0.000459426,0.00009326747],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004716088,0.0002179521,0.0194365,0.09011979,0.0001078434,0.00000956131,0.0001814856,0.00002502496,0.0001815576,0.1064098,0.3986045,0.3846588],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00010935,0.000008379599,0.07088765,0.0119663,0.0001761445,0.000002148998,0.00005687227,0.0002710352,0.000004155864,0.00002701137,0.9163362,0.0001547989],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03689395,0.1655419,0.01047829,0.2314349,0.007621223,0.02450793,0.0001725034,0.0005371522,0.5228122],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5764535,0.2412775,0.0008937026,0.1754,0.001224015,0.001696565,0.0006239704,0.0001384665,0.002292252],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6428028,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996616,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.196751236718134,"score_gpt":0.3831562624723627,"score_spread":0.1864050257542287,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}