{"id":"W7128620340","doi":"10.1093/socpro/spaf016","title":"The Struggle over How to Help Incarcerated People: A Field Analysis of the Penal Voluntary Sector","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Problems","topic":"Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council","keywords":"Scholarship; Voluntary sector; Vision; Field (mathematics); Work (physics); Power (physics); Set (abstract data type); Position (finance)","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004625611,0.00008727684,0.0002134263,0.0001493924,0.001931588,0.000161792,0.0004120308,0.00008655378,0.0002832159],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003015677,0.00005817317,0.0003439628,0.004873932,0.0001256423,0.00007012425,0.0001140043,0.0001661737,0.000002260003],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001174684,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002666654,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05667192,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5428498,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987723,0.0002409151,0.0001870879,0.0001780816,0.0003738568,0.0002477747],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991171,0.0003260464,0.000103401,0.0001887445,0.0002233434,0.00004141165],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000225212,0.0003635428,0.3280738,0.0001345877,0.007030972,0.000001816607,0.3632083,0.002334318,0.002384602,0.02427019,0.1595089,0.1124638],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003473876,0.0001034296,0.2667367,0.00005986983,0.008975172,1.513985e-7,0.6253732,0.003688243,0.0002871466,0.002099654,0.09190011,0.0004289187],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9762543,0.0001085362,0.0005516057,0.01533746,0.0004156528,0.0002900621,0.00001990707,0.00002842934,0.00699402],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9928595,0.00003635291,0.00000785298,0.000530957,0.0001677097,0.00003394087,0.000003801723,0.000004091687,0.006355805],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4861779,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993678,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01386752173104955,"score_gpt":0.294899894329452,"score_spread":0.2810323725984024,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}