{"id":"W7128621661","doi":"10.1109/ictmod66732.2025.11371898","title":"Voltage Stability in Smart Grids Operation: Case of US – Canada Grid Interconnection Energy Management System","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Power System Optimization and Stability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Smart grid; Electric power system; Interconnection; Renewable energy; AC power; Fault (geology); Voltage regulation; Grid; Distributed generation","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003044754,0.0005304008,0.0003422154,0.001049045,0.001413955,0.00129839,0.0007181927,0.0008634276,0.002996754],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009575708,0.0001530548,0.00035296,0.001445286,0.0006984643,0.0004173112,0.0004885161,0.0004434428,0.000179177],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.008303766,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003637748,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.827197,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8045312,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996918,0.00005293957,0.00001259906,0.00003744942,0.00009998365,0.0001051801],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994838,0.0001286791,0.00004693321,0.00002237802,0.000259939,0.00005819182],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005852432,0.0001737103,0.04582563,0.0001952818,0.00008447203,0.005926684,0.0006414302,0.9025613,0.002694595,0.01207729,0.00745187,0.0217826],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007888638,0.0001307281,0.03561804,0.00003407222,0.00005911395,0.0003450252,0.002049555,0.9537902,0.001758849,0.002183346,0.00390816,0.00004395288],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9557292,0.000289317,0.003330645,0.0003653123,0.00002086613,0.000132859,0.0008264242,0.0001924034,0.03911302],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967128,0.00007771465,0.000715649,0.00001660912,0.000002063769,0.00000973705,0.0001749232,0.000007300702,0.002283331],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.172803,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3476413,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005716041792800525,"score_gpt":0.1945809011706104,"score_spread":0.1888648593778099,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}