{"id":"W7128680410","doi":"10.1145/3760545.3783971","title":"Explanations of Data Systems Concepts in CS Education: An Updated View on Notional Machines","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Teaching and Learning Programming","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Notional amount; Categorization; Resource (disambiguation); Field (mathematics); Foundation (evidence); Variation (astronomy)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004253574,0.00005827537,0.00009337233,0.0001597702,0.00006586938,0.00008851775,0.0008200313,0.00002691556,0.00001588362],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004306638,0.00005081291,0.00001008696,0.0003997479,0.00001687706,0.0003988473,0.0001179721,0.0001146439,0.000007418752],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001999046,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002032689,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006179833,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008612851,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991949,0.0001622414,0.00018827,0.0002475481,0.0001250694,0.00008195522],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992015,0.00007484464,0.0000528115,0.0005952115,0.00005056317,0.0000250535],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001739165,0.0002764642,0.003439403,0.00002405918,0.000008579665,5.171956e-7,0.0004367098,0.00124305,0.00001226086,0.5506541,0.003677408,0.4402258],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005356353,0.0001208449,0.03837714,0.0005740069,0.00001114936,0.000009100132,0.0006909612,0.420378,0.00003193914,0.0005877529,0.538395,0.0002884317],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03183553,0.001091339,0.9434729,0.006574219,0.002268896,0.0004806947,0.00002199551,0.0004807572,0.01377366],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9618235,0.000003328614,0.0362253,0.000234995,0.00003222889,0.00001074084,0.0002593393,0.00000247965,0.001408061],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.929988,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.207209,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05314691641143072,"score_gpt":0.3884382301506035,"score_spread":0.3352913137391728,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}