{"id":"W7132370006","doi":"","title":"Effect of climate change on frost penetration depth in the subgrade soil beneath railway tracks: case study","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"NPARC","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"National Research Council Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Infrastructure Canada; Transport Canada","keywords":"Frost heaving; Frost (temperature); Subgrade; Climate change; Frost weathering; Global warming","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002249672,0.0002264137,0.0002047627,0.000540584,0.001098916,0.0006480822,0.0004219203,0.0004669555,0.0008142297],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005350237,0.0001105464,0.0003642423,0.0008645419,0.0005048638,0.0002173779,0.0002924502,0.0003383013,0.00007018396],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003362086,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00160082,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.6423986,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.844009,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998046,0.00001515436,0.000006290452,0.00003726381,0.00005486999,0.00008186035],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996856,0.00009340585,0.0000499811,0.0000164984,0.00009943437,0.00005515204],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002791716,0.0003535586,0.9360054,0.00007937503,0.000096118,0.004410123,0.001204509,0.03024479,0.01313615,0.0002447279,0.000424842,0.01352127],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006012554,0.0001075897,0.9818326,0.000007933393,0.00003287065,0.0002372877,0.001946831,0.01355567,0.001703649,0.0000510504,0.0004992599,0.0000192503],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990102,0.00001703882,0.0001107619,0.00001654445,9.919221e-7,0.000008204019,0.0002126647,0.000005937105,0.0006176357],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994829,0.00002409695,0.0002078461,0.00000382545,7.39272e-7,0.000002110649,0.00009267386,0.000001197335,0.0001846224],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6423986,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7194148,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0465026064923128,"score_gpt":0.2847802206512718,"score_spread":0.238277614158959,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}