{"id":"W7132950464","doi":"","title":"Essays on Innovation, Intellectual property, its trade and enforcement","year":2023,"lang":"","type":"dissertation","venue":"TSpace","topic":"Intellectual Property and Patents","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Incentive; Enforcement; Plaintiff; Patent troll; Supreme court; Intellectual property; Settlement (finance); Patent infringement; Casual","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001827761,0.0006049671,0.0006326414,0.002076037,0.002555945,0.00481275,0.0009683721,0.003376516,0.01013364],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006134018,0.0002868377,0.0009474376,0.002779179,0.008473974,0.005098164,0.001637118,0.003307843,0.001397684],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003091988,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002397897,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00183441,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001350489,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988425,0.0003343309,0.0000751839,0.0001673269,0.0004227703,0.0001578811],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9931272,0.005523899,0.0004559879,0.0003354492,0.0003445169,0.0002128741],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001923144,0.00006434337,0.0004619661,0.0002721064,0.0000145583,0.000123931,0.00113672,0.0008936938,0.000171322,0.901288,0.07403082,0.02152335],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001947408,0.0000412908,0.001342276,0.0008995272,0.00001424861,0.0001415781,0.0007129122,0.0005868955,0.0001667384,0.3269737,0.6690868,0.00001451131],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01782278,0.3252316,0.01065536,0.1593906,0.01188756,0.00005608455,0.0002438682,0.00007456573,0.4746377],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4013157,0.2485835,0.003905475,0.02864987,0.04078692,0.0002089733,0.0002776507,0.0001424618,0.2761295],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01013364,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03390044,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1647423158866727,"score_gpt":0.3031549385150442,"score_spread":0.1384126226283715,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}