{"id":"W7134944141","doi":"10.1109/icdmw69685.2025.00434","title":"Early Wildfire Detection with UAVs using a Frame Difference Method","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Quest University Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Frame (networking); Noise (video); Field (mathematics); Drone","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003087815,0.000479432,0.0005738651,0.000401722,0.0003382553,0.0002468171,0.0002060342,0.000433837,0.0001143547],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004331428,0.0004328239,0.0001599534,0.001348133,0.00005531644,0.000226554,0.00005520176,0.0006643312,0.00005374207],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003655744,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000903747,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00299036,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004574236,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977717,0.0001969218,0.0006024098,0.0005767363,0.000314655,0.0005375948],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989508,0.000158949,0.00009796245,0.0005571011,0.0000834695,0.0001516691],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006999197,0.0001913579,0.007312402,0.001624143,0.001783186,0.00004753907,0.003666321,0.0461585,0.3228602,0.001703071,0.0000615469,0.6138918],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00101642,0.0002570931,0.03789673,0.0008146023,0.0001948303,0.00007559986,0.0004779936,0.9262225,0.02949504,0.0001548633,0.002730404,0.0006639119],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3167078,0.0003079996,0.6741012,0.00005712791,0.001600983,0.0003871924,0.00000279125,0.0004169731,0.006417941],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9833014,0.00003098376,0.01104995,0.0001005356,0.0001403188,0.00003038845,6.603129e-7,0.00005991097,0.00528587],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.880064,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998124,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01079425490739999,"score_gpt":0.2445227484940975,"score_spread":0.2337284935866975,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}