{"id":"W7140929044","doi":"10.1333/s00897253011a","title":"A Low Cost Auto-titrator for Undergraduate Chemistry Laboratory Programs","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Chemical Educator","topic":"Various Chemistry Research Topics","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Saint Mary's University","funders":"","keywords":"Potentiometric titration; Conductometry; Titration; Equivalence point; Analyte; Analytical Chemistry (journal)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000255318,0.000380406,0.0003612533,0.00002113666,0.0002429235,0.0001828009,0.001186539,0.0003563364,0.0005318293],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008928968,0.0003088529,0.0002375389,0.0004306101,0.0004630652,0.00006706188,0.0002351254,0.0007700719,0.00006141543],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004738421,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001743632,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001736593,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001841625,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977008,0.00001709907,0.000420272,0.0006303455,0.0003637882,0.0008676638],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977911,0.0003285517,0.0001222451,0.001117844,0.0003036778,0.0003365804],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009691055,0.0006258241,0.0002319095,0.001557634,0.0001659664,0.00000322984,0.00008708687,6.559737e-7,0.9493238,0.0004406307,0.0414364,0.006029994],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006871309,0.000005023063,0.000001489291,0.0001712068,0.00006262116,0.000005038547,0.000259387,0.0001719303,0.8106757,0.001710506,0.1859814,0.0002685729],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9305537,0.0008591459,0.0002417849,0.02577545,0.0004407302,0.001175225,0.0003201302,0.0006559914,0.03997787],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9442224,0.0000524165,0.0007495927,0.0009943758,0.001267786,0.002223924,0.0002955467,0.0001083801,0.05008561],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.144545,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999363,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01395337325308616,"score_gpt":0.3006042620694797,"score_spread":0.2866508888163935,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}