{"id":"W7147104050","doi":"10.22363/2313-2337-2026-30-1-7-20","title":"Medical privacy and liability for its violation: The experience of the U.S. and Canada","year":2025,"lang":"ru","type":"article","venue":"RUDN JOURNAL OF LAW","topic":"Patient Dignity and Privacy","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Russian Science Foundation","keywords":"Information privacy; Liability; Parallels; Personally identifiable information; Information privacy law; Relevance (law); Medical information; Data Protection Act 1998; Safeguard","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008662445,0.00009742244,0.0002893992,0.00001951619,0.0002166523,0.00001714481,0.0002971308,0.00007859917,0.00006475182],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002534663,0.0000512778,0.00006912668,0.00009853244,0.0003813735,0.0001043804,0.0001387022,0.0003205819,7.668061e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006131921,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001436111,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009625751,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01547059,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985951,0.0001509235,0.0005359854,0.0001007002,0.0004749909,0.0001423548],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980226,0.001014601,0.0003149234,0.0002243401,0.0002813764,0.0001421971],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003532783,0.0009873493,0.7155684,0.004604246,0.001257601,0.0000912117,0.05002573,0.00002397046,0.003400951,0.1589529,0.01955184,0.04200306],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008369019,0.001175256,0.388594,0.006541473,0.0009441931,0.0003761021,0.004062767,0.001686424,0.01827524,0.009564536,0.5600896,0.0003213731],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9637673,0.005836111,0.0001348234,0.02791982,0.0007606634,0.0003289171,0.000016883,0.000001071039,0.001234403],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974919,0.0003877322,0.00005164311,0.001750093,0.00014866,0.000002274346,4.085219e-7,0.000003460908,0.000163837],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5405378,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9969692,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02976676686583981,"score_gpt":0.3116346872047879,"score_spread":0.2818679203389481,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}