{"id":"W7147104050","doi":"10.22363/2313-2337-2026-30-1-7-20","title":"Medical privacy and liability for its violation: The experience of the U.S. and Canada","year":2025,"lang":"ru","type":"article","venue":"RUDN JOURNAL OF LAW","topic":"Patient Dignity and Privacy","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Russian Science Foundation","keywords":"Information privacy; Liability; Parallels; Personally identifiable information; Information privacy law; Relevance (law); Medical information; Data Protection Act 1998; Safeguard","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005229251,0.000287013,0.0007093885,0.001991275,0.04712334,0.01059136,0.0025328,0.003828293,0.004090161],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01569417,0.0005466247,0.0005111989,0.007412403,0.01692125,0.002423288,0.007236321,0.006785168,0.0002129225],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.1661628,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.3369817,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9967721,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9987193,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9886327,0.002347458,0.0003127381,0.0006754673,0.004128606,0.003903048],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9845055,0.004165538,0.0008501901,0.0002744072,0.005253522,0.004950881],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002583766,0.0002959139,0.07188012,0.0003603167,0.00009053667,0.005485548,0.6733815,0.0009419995,0.000919921,0.1280372,0.04138709,0.07696145],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003716067,0.0001032737,0.04126351,0.0006105126,0.00006271907,0.001037496,0.762444,0.0005536642,0.0004711976,0.003193356,0.1900474,0.0001758339],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7851824,0.01098851,0.0006634431,0.0997358,0.0003410338,0.0001082507,0.0003806713,0.00002691019,0.1025731],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9785554,0.005467484,0.0003341255,0.007687672,0.00002772821,0.00001564326,0.00008845637,0.00002322859,0.007800105],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1661628,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9671329,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02976676686583981,"score_gpt":0.3116346872047879,"score_spread":0.2818679203389481,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}