{"id":"W7161954296","doi":"10.3138/cjccj-2025-0037","title":"Focusing on Focal Concerns: An Application of Focal Concerns to Youth Sentencing Decisions","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice/La Revue canadienne de criminologie et de justice pénale","topic":"Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Framing (construction); Sentence; Judicial opinion; Framing effect; Focus (optics); Exploratory analysis","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02163583,0.0006244367,0.0005374728,0.007740009,0.003789511,0.004456934,0.002154681,0.0008188206,0.003825439],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1105663,0.000359429,0.001122712,0.009101296,0.004275169,0.00390566,0.006265201,0.002166193,0.0002108531],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.02129998,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01590099,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.4601015,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5597308,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9877654,0.006611385,0.0005994765,0.001638286,0.002109095,0.001276238],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9347541,0.03586319,0.01261311,0.004569024,0.01057739,0.001623136],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002805508,0.0001206859,0.5855733,0.0004313486,0.0002473117,0.0007321812,0.2111076,0.003345259,0.0006089517,0.06086496,0.005195241,0.1314926],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002538456,0.0001319552,0.7466071,0.0006436351,0.0001692085,0.0002289031,0.138493,0.01518107,0.001000519,0.07049624,0.02685803,0.0001649828],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8870034,0.000759175,0.0755946,0.003886928,0.00008478483,0.0008231209,0.002309333,0.0001355388,0.029403],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9839438,0.000143838,0.01406168,0.0001785657,0.00002018893,0.0002657294,0.0004730083,0.00002970565,0.0008836251],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5398985,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9148468,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1344705115154519,"score_gpt":0.3750432774723776,"score_spread":0.2405727659569257,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}