{"id":"W7164930764","doi":"10.22271/veterinary.2025.v10.i12b.3496","title":"Evaluating drone-mounted thermal imaging for population surveys of wild ungulates in boreal and montane habitats of Western Canada","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry","topic":"UAV Applications and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Ungulate; Aerial survey; Population; Habitat; Transect; Boreal; Drone; Snow","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001234976,0.0001384733,0.0002924549,0.0003275181,0.00007587628,0.00006798105,0.0002336007,0.00004124568,0.000004701543],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007023428,0.0001320658,0.00004752838,0.0002300507,0.0001432269,0.0004819306,0.00006831467,0.00009772538,1.248075e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009529947,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000221999,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03480573,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00963938,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983893,0.00008233585,0.0008412426,0.0001718944,0.0003637738,0.0001514419],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988239,0.0002435322,0.0004517502,0.00005297758,0.0003856165,0.00004222144],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005433265,0.0001070124,0.7960448,0.0002562159,0.000150981,0.00001977026,0.0004682151,0.09032242,0.05220379,0.0004972907,0.00001125665,0.05937496],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007173098,0.0005230614,0.6662843,0.0004983064,0.00002724722,0.00004964302,0.0002078371,0.3310581,0.0004040226,0.0001348133,0.00001213286,0.00008322291],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9934776,0.002749346,0.002885981,0.0002989602,0.0003081874,0.0001544183,0.00005895536,0.000002393515,0.00006410438],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963167,0.0002832591,0.003301099,0.0000166228,0.00005192856,0.000002954569,0.000009949563,0.000007299942,0.00001017858],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2407357,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9716216,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02610282167258253,"score_gpt":0.3442180089314663,"score_spread":0.3181151872588837,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}