{"id":"W7165390870","doi":"10.61238/ijcl.2021.10.1.03","title":"Proportionality and Burden of Proof: Constitutional Review in India","year":2021,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Indian Journal of Constitutional Law","topic":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Proportionality (law); Supreme court; Burden of proof; Deference; Standard of review; Constitutional law; Judicial review; Skepticism","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02619443,0.0001732185,0.0006076987,0.003649713,0.005895564,0.01497982,0.00172811,0.005315979,0.001853484],"category_scores_gemma":[0.07468004,0.0006326965,0.0004997603,0.003969124,0.02012703,0.007123027,0.006513137,0.006711867,0.0002375764],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01334438,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02134806,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01638036,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0168981,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9628379,0.01779319,0.003200508,0.003207538,0.01088528,0.002075583],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9138339,0.0691658,0.004065653,0.004339106,0.00721777,0.001377888],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001472211,0.000007693192,0.0005786442,0.0001292942,0.00001328674,0.0002361389,0.00227325,0.0003791025,0.0002271541,0.9816036,0.003046783,0.01149018],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005136681,0.00009763506,0.007086055,0.001038495,0.00009500415,0.001010721,0.003006025,0.002199923,0.001861704,0.6585606,0.3248164,0.0001761734],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1527266,0.09754749,0.0428347,0.2206913,0.002774504,0.0004184521,0.0003205163,0.0001879494,0.4824984],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9587895,0.01141995,0.006062628,0.01214591,0.000943522,0.000137439,0.00004502948,0.00003617082,0.01041972],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02619443,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.138531,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02619840040560061,"score_gpt":0.3051970979898971,"score_spread":0.2789986975842965,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}