{"id":"W754511852","doi":"10.1007/s11760-015-0789-x","title":"Automatic fire pixel detection using image processing: a comparative analysis of rule-based and machine learning-based methods","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Signal Image and Video Processing","topic":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":92,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Pixel; Fire detection; Computer science; Benchmark (surveying); Artificial intelligence; Context (archaeology); Image processing; Image (mathematics); Computer vision; Pattern recognition (psychology); Engineering; Geography; Cartography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004350428,0.000745825,0.001555347,0.00460373,0.0003410607,0.001988186,0.001401566,0.001149535,0.001077369],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01074398,0.0003052698,0.001019832,0.002226377,0.0005758568,0.00181306,0.000366349,0.0006285509,0.000544172],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004552844,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006954428,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003018541,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002103776,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974169,0.000677728,0.0002157272,0.0003617903,0.001230931,0.00009695879],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9874872,0.008671405,0.0005969476,0.0006160615,0.002518208,0.0001101577],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006076862,0.0003262975,0.01236157,0.0005390799,0.000412334,0.00009818686,0.0001064027,0.02955351,0.01051172,0.002053434,0.0008312878,0.9425985],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006700231,0.0006295933,0.02825039,0.0001505894,0.0006097067,0.0006676207,0.0001814841,0.9388875,0.02338481,0.003819713,0.003249577,0.0001019919],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.09412407,0.008341282,0.8898052,0.0002823281,0.0001620268,0.0001880174,0.0001747573,0.001281694,0.005640647],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5752493,0.005771736,0.416243,0.0001865112,0.0002385631,0.0001148665,0.0003851167,0.0001995234,0.00161138],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00460373,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02300751,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04341498095650066,"score_gpt":0.320289042287953,"score_spread":0.2768740613314523,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}