{"id":"W79269097","doi":"10.1332/251569200x15665365495005","title":"A Public Choice Perspective on Cartels","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice","topic":"Merger and Competition Analysis","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University; Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Cartel; Public good; Public interest; Competition (biology); Distribution (mathematics); Economics; Perspective (graphical); Public economics; Business; Market economy; Microeconomics; Collusion; Political science; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003050471,0.0004036928,0.0005336226,0.00146595,0.003323875,0.006583055,0.0011242,0.007377609,0.02573479],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004554622,0.0002509622,0.0008241797,0.001861917,0.008884643,0.005912481,0.001957726,0.004560361,0.001106659],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0060707,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003167408,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01022081,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007654533,"domain_scores_codex":[0.995774,0.002065221,0.00005468413,0.0003899158,0.0007065226,0.001009645],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9959203,0.002741171,0.0003041212,0.0002393663,0.0003577039,0.000437256],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003930195,0.000006496657,0.00004929232,0.000003913457,0.000001211384,0.00001548533,0.00004866953,0.0002356302,0.000009087233,0.9982836,0.0006906593,0.0006520647],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000197967,0.00002049677,0.0002027329,0.00003457064,0.000004332647,0.00004466083,0.0002770631,0.001739527,0.0000541608,0.9690031,0.02859274,0.000006780073],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03805506,0.004297884,0.04931939,0.09828617,0.0003246621,0.00007574729,0.0002519565,0.00003784459,0.8093513],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9254745,0.002019405,0.003229542,0.006849255,0.0007921903,0.00009157204,0.00006160227,0.00002249739,0.06145936],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02573479,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0860914,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05392442365552555,"score_gpt":0.2496196498967993,"score_spread":0.1956952262412738,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}