{"id":"W81633600","doi":"10.2175/106143004x151527","title":"A Review of Biofouling and its Control in Membrane Separation Bioreactors","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Water Environment Research","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":173,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"","keywords":"Biofouling; Membrane; Extracellular polymeric substance; Backwashing; Bioreactor; Membrane bioreactor; Activated sludge; Wastewater; Membrane fouling; Clogging; Membrane technology; Sewage treatment; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Environmental engineering; Biofilm; Waste management; Environmental science; Fouling; Engineering; Bacteria; Organic chemistry; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.002549427,0.0003564652,0.001179064,0.000353418,0.00007559302,0.00002330426,0.0005118619,0.000341906,0.002099978],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001030362,0.000236955,0.0001436414,0.0003756065,0.0004338972,0.0001914638,0.0005550042,0.0006932703,0.001350648],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006694683,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003394327,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009971843,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008294298,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9963655,0.0005450203,0.0009028033,0.0007263102,0.000865898,0.0005944806],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990019,0.0001497586,0.0001774721,0.0005673977,0.000006873284,0.00009666498],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003589113,0.0006012276,0.0002305959,0.3500556,0.0001565625,0.00008539695,0.0004554884,0.000280787,0.01373427,0.0001696644,0.0005671392,0.6336274],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003776431,0.0001274463,0.00001813168,0.04032717,0.00008789146,0.00001528265,0.00001041713,0.00003528924,0.004290964,0.00009012814,0.9542646,0.0003549891],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004365954,0.9963495,0.000009231616,0.0001877584,0.0000213116,0.002435467,0.00001911634,0.00002579411,0.0005152405],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001710629,0.9974295,0.00007785223,0.00003013777,0.00001256701,0.0003467674,0.00007853172,0.00003548211,0.000278558],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9536975,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994269,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08533468199785323,"score_gpt":0.3892734558964365,"score_spread":0.3039387738985833,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}