{"id":"W81633600","doi":"10.2175/106143004x151527","title":"A Review of Biofouling and its Control in Membrane Separation Bioreactors","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Water Environment Research","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":173,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"","keywords":"Biofouling; Membrane; Extracellular polymeric substance; Backwashing; Bioreactor; Membrane bioreactor; Activated sludge; Wastewater; Membrane fouling; Clogging; Membrane technology; Sewage treatment; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Environmental engineering; Biofilm; Waste management; Environmental science; Fouling; Engineering; Bacteria; Organic chemistry; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005766387,0.001287803,0.002342741,0.002632211,0.0004815774,0.001124459,0.001257565,0.001626524,0.003113535],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006293044,0.0004521736,0.0007538613,0.003930306,0.0004827435,0.001858063,0.0005278816,0.001139841,0.003028974],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008510266,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009264334,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00145239,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001472235,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995461,0.00006078252,0.00007337592,0.0000835688,0.0002092693,0.00002687093],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996107,0.0001615586,0.00005875555,0.00001402711,0.0001240395,0.00003089051],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009614788,0.0001867922,0.0001874571,0.02932489,0.0001126862,0.0004843445,0.0001088248,0.00161762,0.01458354,0.003918319,0.01852737,0.930852],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002012433,0.0002468505,0.001049693,0.002966777,0.0001026424,0.00169959,0.00007169173,0.0003244005,0.004044716,0.001927376,0.9875052,0.00004087553],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002932934,0.9977132,0.0006092456,0.0001121805,0.0002317541,0.000006666308,0.00001670698,0.00001234352,0.00100463],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001076169,0.9964295,0.0008282832,0.0001428501,0.0002236339,0.00001546493,0.0000365979,0.000002998752,0.001244584],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003113535,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01041585,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08533468199785323,"score_gpt":0.3892734558964365,"score_spread":0.3039387738985833,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}