{"id":"W88109737","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-12-394849-6.00002-0","title":"Physical, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Snow, Ice, and Permafrost","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Elsevier eBooks","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"BGC Engineering (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Permafrost; Snow; Thermal conductivity; Geotechnical engineering; Cryosphere; Brittleness; Environmental science; Geology; Materials science; Geomorphology; Climatology; Composite material; Sea ice","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007867078,0.0005511191,0.0002385533,0.0005531686,0.0002153821,0.0008981926,0.0003434653,0.0003247119,0.03192294],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001272688,0.0002224301,0.0001364955,0.001115931,0.0002758216,0.0009468145,0.0002885652,0.0005403226,0.008552725],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003218376,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003161809,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003053094,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00593042,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999571,0.000002093593,0.000001806045,0.000009637511,0.00002719462,0.000002251214],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999708,0.00001153785,0.000002422421,0.000003573884,0.00000866607,0.000003026292],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003792639,0.00004404937,0.001077896,0.0004048377,0.00001245286,0.00007134186,0.0002053691,0.002132305,0.009466159,0.02443826,0.09376825,0.8683411],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002795101,0.0000251717,0.007588883,0.0002285079,0.000007262195,0.0002572793,0.0001132712,0.0008839528,0.001881764,0.02222774,0.9667704,0.00001302085],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.01261381,0.1849967,0.01211122,0.001529416,0.001132958,0.00003426725,0.002147152,0.0003135557,0.7851209],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.03341667,0.1041895,0.0057411,0.0002727025,0.0006047095,0.00003129385,0.001288983,0.0001918784,0.8542632],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03192294,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1067929,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02146398621036015,"score_gpt":0.2015538340188399,"score_spread":0.1800898478084797,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}