{"id":"W92127656","doi":"10.3233/jid-2004-8404","title":"ENVIRONMENT-BASED FORMULATION OF DESIGN PROBLEM","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Integrated Design and Process Science","topic":"Design Education and Practice","field":"Engineering","cited_by":96,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Mathematical optimization; Biochemical engineering; Mathematics; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001420871,0.0000927317,0.000127658,0.0002550708,0.00006425155,0.00005830139,0.0001844432,0.00003949202,0.0001146988],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001424297,0.00006998231,0.00002123375,0.0005070437,0.0001115838,0.0008159446,0.000003075043,0.0001590447,0.000002374041],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009177759,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005831986,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002976758,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.027233e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991072,0.00003716302,0.0003250011,0.00008316879,0.0003127076,0.0001347409],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992511,0.0001160241,0.000207402,0.00006660623,0.0002560246,0.0001028665],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009526075,0.00006622929,0.00004399608,0.0000537124,0.000009940434,0.000002657868,0.0009020448,0.847316,0.1414948,0.0002843139,0.00006071716,0.009670289],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001045036,0.0006713778,0.0002775847,0.0002356028,0.00004409699,0.0001286678,0.0006056212,0.1173857,0.8698548,0.00905841,0.0004751112,0.0002180009],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02513617,0.0003083324,0.9739611,0.0001016372,0.00008512755,0.0001354761,6.075627e-7,0.00001584754,0.0002556735],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8718668,0.0000807344,0.1279859,0.00003608375,0.00001004565,0.000002873243,2.850048e-7,0.000007027051,0.00001023685],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8467306,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2853796,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02465309789543736,"score_gpt":0.2635912781964638,"score_spread":0.2389381803010265,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}