{"id":"W92127656","doi":"10.3233/jid-2004-8404","title":"ENVIRONMENT-BASED FORMULATION OF DESIGN PROBLEM","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Integrated Design and Process Science","topic":"Design Education and Practice","field":"Engineering","cited_by":96,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Mathematical optimization; Biochemical engineering; Mathematics; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002773141,0.0008868077,0.000522818,0.0009462625,0.0009375844,0.002893393,0.001713756,0.001892396,0.007841345],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003752635,0.0005319199,0.001037776,0.0006663326,0.002831631,0.003287439,0.002151167,0.002042846,0.0008429776],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001728505,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002168742,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001456557,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001567333,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968756,0.001422591,0.0002271583,0.0004246455,0.0008578435,0.0001919833],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983854,0.0009746701,0.0001379114,0.0001568446,0.0002860671,0.00005902884],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004238148,0.000009613117,0.00005564306,0.00003804583,0.000004104089,0.00007211861,0.0001241937,0.01764135,0.0002095174,0.9773323,0.0005075468,0.004001286],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003456934,0.00003563657,0.00007125931,0.00007067389,0.00001327055,0.0001658512,0.0001757204,0.09366371,0.0005773807,0.8552799,0.04988977,0.00002217897],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.003597962,0.0002298467,0.958931,0.001384937,0.00008572012,0.00008938252,0.0001019477,0.00005794269,0.03552118],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2263328,0.001250584,0.7434695,0.0006932993,0.0001876555,0.0008993823,0.0003795742,0.00009827508,0.02668875],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.007841345,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02623194,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02465309789543736,"score_gpt":0.2635912781964638,"score_spread":0.2389381803010265,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}