{"id":"W957500193","doi":"10.60082/2817-5069.1410","title":"The Origins of Political Policing in Canada: Class, Law, and the Burden of Empire","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Osgoode Hall law journal","topic":"Canadian Identity and History","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick; Cape Breton University","funders":"Simon Fraser University; University of Toronto; Queen's University; McGill University","keywords":"Subversion; Politics; Militant; Law; Colonialism; Independence (probability theory); Empire; Government (linguistics); British Empire; Political science; Immigration; Sociology; Political economy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008907446,0.00004494766,0.0001402812,0.00004186921,0.001169409,0.0001025319,0.0001855357,0.00003668129,0.00005097531],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001439693,0.00003334877,0.00004363931,0.000101253,0.001417273,0.00007499614,0.00001173054,0.0002241937,5.774001e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001565036,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00310895,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9999798,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9999985,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988118,0.0003020049,0.0002322591,0.00005592313,0.0003060435,0.0002919186],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993501,0.0002373601,0.0001058303,0.00008786465,0.00006251565,0.000156354],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007011184,0.000003536047,0.0003344307,0.000003386089,0.00000960398,0.000006775516,0.002337414,0.00001041711,0.000004972708,0.9966806,0.00048276,0.0001191275],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008061455,0.00001526126,0.001134184,0.00005731326,0.00002878049,0.00004682189,0.01840433,0.00001876304,0.00002678577,0.1029721,0.8763926,0.00009683185],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05184911,0.0008902844,0.000002257986,0.01023549,0.0002908027,0.00007901419,0.00001013675,0.000001900084,0.936641],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990272,0.0001868002,0.00001197906,0.0003291275,0.0001414324,7.132397e-7,8.075313e-8,0.00000388332,0.0002987999],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9471781,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8994265,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01051248494324454,"score_gpt":0.2344747737829937,"score_spread":0.2239622888397492,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}