{"id":"W96615304","doi":"10.15173/russell.v22i1.2015","title":"The Substitutional Paradox in Russell's 1907 Letter to Hawtrey [see corrected reprint in next issue]","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Russell the Journal of Bertrand Russell Studies","topic":"Philosophy and Theoretical Science","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Reprint; Axiom; Paraphrase; Philosophy; Style (visual arts); Mathematical economics; Natural (archaeology); Epistemology; Economics; Mathematics; Literature; History; Linguistics; Art; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002047622,0.0003601245,0.0004426028,0.0005419331,0.003899433,0.003484264,0.0008801813,0.00493613,0.006766741],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008822569,0.0004100783,0.0003850453,0.0009269181,0.00640708,0.004549399,0.000974944,0.007320949,0.002228888],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004114927,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00167033,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007368112,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007740971,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998333,0.0007294475,0.00007127703,0.0002433871,0.0005008521,0.0001220811],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977592,0.001480517,0.00009719495,0.0001042397,0.0004846515,0.00007407647],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004206548,0.000007217925,0.0000487285,0.0000438732,0.000005433038,0.000187532,0.0007182528,0.0001123434,0.0001232008,0.4824877,0.5076182,0.008605576],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001807935,0.00001734283,0.0003328281,0.0001347656,0.00000734469,0.0003832635,0.0003158644,0.0004209194,0.0003750593,0.321808,0.6761464,0.00004013077],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.006339568,0.02084093,0.01041106,0.6928482,0.03379805,0.00002001051,0.0001749473,0.0003898925,0.2351773],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2979185,0.01391076,0.009378146,0.3528257,0.03886179,0.0000814086,0.0001825074,0.0008743364,0.2859668],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.007368112,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02985603,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05370839121267382,"score_gpt":0.3124414924459241,"score_spread":0.2587331012332503,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}