{"id":"W983680165","doi":"10.1177/1527002515594555","title":"Labor Market Implications of Institutional Changes in European Football","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Sports Economics","topic":"Sports Analytics and Performance","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"League; Regression discontinuity design; Endogeneity; Football; Incentive; Robustness (evolution); Economics; Productivity; Labour economics; Competition (biology); Demographic economics; Econometrics; Microeconomics; Macroeconomics; Political science; Statistics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001470641,0.00009469757,0.0003812357,0.0004048228,0.00002227639,0.00002275036,0.0002221769,0.00004415276,0.0002762096],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003982748,0.0001035204,0.00008610146,0.0001411978,0.00005452182,0.0002000953,0.00003516049,0.0001253226,0.00001365981],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001437292,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001135767,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003314041,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009290864,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986567,0.000004654691,0.00103828,0.0001283137,0.00002828104,0.0001437324],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983043,0.00001180969,0.00127093,0.000187914,0.000106117,0.0001188922],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004114168,0.0001007679,0.893548,0.00001423465,0.00003413374,0.00001558783,0.0002721191,0.005788101,0.000001954847,0.09472547,0.002251579,0.003206975],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000587359,0.00006257358,0.8544021,0.00003054738,0.00000605169,0.00004778147,0.00005902831,0.001115445,0.00001401931,0.01233733,0.1312121,0.0001257425],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9375536,0.0009007047,0.0001303595,0.001306534,0.0004651947,0.00005508982,0.00008683781,0.000002931203,0.05949873],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964111,0.002163492,0.0005599227,0.0002244832,0.0002138507,9.085237e-7,0.000005785512,0.00001397238,0.0004064791],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1289605,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4221439,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04468240283397017,"score_gpt":0.2215206595068907,"score_spread":0.1768382566729206,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}