Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-years for 32 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2015
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Résumé
IMPORTANCE: Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Current estimates on the burden of cancer are needed for cancer control planning. OBJECTIVE: To estimate mortality, incidence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 32 cancers in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. EVIDENCE REVIEW: Cancer mortality was estimated using vital registration system data, cancer registry incidence data (transformed to mortality estimates using separately estimated mortality to incidence [MI] ratios), and verbal autopsy data. Cancer incidence was calculated by dividing mortality estimates through the modeled MI ratios. To calculate cancer prevalence, MI ratios were used to model survival. To calculate YLDs, prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights. The YLLs were estimated by multiplying age-specific cancer deaths by the reference life expectancy. DALYs were estimated as the sum of YLDs and YLLs. A sociodemographic index (SDI) was created for each location based on income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility. Countries were categorized by SDI quintiles to summarize results. FINDINGS: In 2015, there were 17.5 million cancer cases worldwide and 8.7 million deaths. Between 2005 and 2015, cancer cases increased by 33%, with population aging contributing 16%, population growth 13%, and changes in age-specific rates contributing 4%. For men, the most common cancer globally was prostate cancer (1.6 million cases). Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer was the leading cause of cancer deaths and DALYs in men (1.2 million deaths and 25.9 million DALYs). For women, the most common cancer was breast cancer (2.4 million cases). Breast cancer was also the leading cause of cancer deaths and DALYs for women (523 000 deaths and 15.1 million DALYs). Overall, cancer caused 208.3 million DALYs worldwide in 2015 for both sexes combined. Between 2005 and 2015, age-standardized incidence rates for all cancers combined increased in 174 of 195 countries or territories. Age-standardized death rates (ASDRs) for all cancers combined decreased within that timeframe in 140 of 195 countries or territories. Countries with an increase in the ASDR due to all cancers were largely located on the African continent. Of all cancers, deaths between 2005 and 2015 decreased significantly for Hodgkin lymphoma (-6.1% [95% uncertainty interval (UI), -10.6% to -1.3%]). The number of deaths also decreased for esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, and chronic myeloid leukemia, although these results were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: As part of the epidemiological transition, cancer incidence is expected to increase in the future, further straining limited health care resources. Appropriate allocation of resources for cancer prevention, early diagnosis, and curative and palliative care requires detailed knowledge of the local burden of cancer. The GBD 2015 study results demonstrate that progress is possible in the war against cancer. However, the major findings also highlight an unmet need for cancer prevention efforts, including tobacco control, vaccination, and the promotion of physical activity and a healthy diet.
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La notice
- Revue
- JAMA Oncology
- Thématique
- Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
- Domaine
- Medicine
- Établissements canadiens
- University of ManitobaOttawa HospitalUniversity of British Columbia
- Organismes subventionnaires
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood InstituteMedical Research CouncilAudrey and Theodor Geisel School of Medicine at DartmouthNorris Cotton Cancer CenterUniversity of California, IrvineTehran University of Medical Sciences and Health ServicesNational Institutes of HealthWestern Sydney UniversityMekelle UniversityUniversität UlmAddis Ababa UniversityNorthumbria UniversityUniversity of GondarNational Research University Higher School of EconomicsSeoul National UniversityUniversidade do PortoUniversitetet i TromsøBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesUniversity of HaifaJimma UniversityHaramaya UniversityUniversitetet i BergenSamfundet FolkhälsanShiraz University of Medical SciencesUniversity Of Nigeria NsukkaInyuvesi Yakwazulu-NataliMassachusetts General HospitalUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisWuhan UniversityNational Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health PromotionJordan University of Science and TechnologyAhmadu Bello UniversityFudan UniversityUniversität BielefeldKosin UniversityUmweltbundesamtNewcastle UniversityUnited Nations Population FundKarolinska InstitutetYonsei UniversityPacific Institute for Research and EvaluationBirzeit UniversityTrường Đại học Duy TânIran University of Medical SciencesCurtin University of TechnologyDartmouth CollegeCenters for Disease Control and PreventionNational Institute on Minority Health and Health DisparitiesJackson State UniversityJohns Hopkins UniversityAlborz University of Medical SciencesNational Institute for Health and Care ResearchWorld Health OrganizationShiraz University
- Mots-clés
- MedicineYears of potential life lostDemographyCancerLife expectancyPopulationCancer registryIncidence (geometry)Lung cancerMortality rateGerontologyEnvironmental healthSurgeryOncologyInternal medicine
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