Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
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Résumé
BACKGROUND: Suboptimal diet is an important preventable risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs); however, its impact on the burden of NCDs has not been systematically evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate the consumption of major foods and nutrients across 195 countries and to quantify the impact of their suboptimal intake on NCD mortality and morbidity. METHODS: By use of a comparative risk assessment approach, we estimated the proportion of disease-specific burden attributable to each dietary risk factor (also referred to as population attributable fraction) among adults aged 25 years or older. The main inputs to this analysis included the intake of each dietary factor, the effect size of the dietary factor on disease endpoint, and the level of intake associated with the lowest risk of mortality. Then, by use of disease-specific population attributable fractions, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), we calculated the number of deaths and DALYs attributable to diet for each disease outcome. FINDINGS: In 2017, 11 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 10-12) deaths and 255 million (234-274) DALYs were attributable to dietary risk factors. High intake of sodium (3 million [1-5] deaths and 70 million [34-118] DALYs), low intake of whole grains (3 million [2-4] deaths and 82 million [59-109] DALYs), and low intake of fruits (2 million [1-4] deaths and 65 million [41-92] DALYs) were the leading dietary risk factors for deaths and DALYs globally and in many countries. Dietary data were from mixed sources and were not available for all countries, increasing the statistical uncertainty of our estimates. INTERPRETATION: This study provides a comprehensive picture of the potential impact of suboptimal diet on NCD mortality and morbidity, highlighting the need for improving diet across nations. Our findings will inform implementation of evidence-based dietary interventions and provide a platform for evaluation of their impact on human health annually. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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La notice
- Revue
- The Lancet
- Thématique
- Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Domaine
- Medicine
- Établissements canadiens
- —
- Organismes subventionnaires
- National Health and Medical Research CouncilMedical Research CouncilAbbott DiagnosticsUniversidade Federal do Espírito SantoNational Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and NutritionUniversitair Ziekenhuis AntwerpenJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthLaboratório Associado para a Química VerdeAlborz University of Medical SciencesMedizinische Universität GrazMansoura UniversityKarl-Franzens-Universität GrazWageningen University and ResearchMekelle UniversityUniversität UlmNational Institutes of HealthGolestan University of Medical SciencesMadras Diabetes Research FoundationCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud MentalUniversité de LausanneRobert Koch InstitutUniversidade de São PauloFoundation for Education and European CultureInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIShiraz UniversityShiraz University of Medical SciencesEscola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio AroucaMazandaran University of Medical SciencesDalhousie UniversityKing's College LondonAcademy of FinlandMonash UniversityUniversity of TorontoUniversidade do PortoSeoul National UniversityUniversity of New South WalesInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleNovo NordiskNorth-West UniversityPublic Health AgencyPublic Health Foundation of IndiaKorea UniversityFundação para a Ciência e a TecnologiaPfizerBill and Melinda Gates FoundationCurtin University of TechnologySouth African Medical Research CouncilJordan University of Science and TechnologyUniversity of OxfordSree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and TechnologyKarolinska InstitutetUnited Nations Population FundTrường Đại học Nguyễn Tất ThànhInyuvesi Yakwazulu-NataliKoch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyAstraZenecaJohns Hopkins UniversityAmarin CorporationHôpitaux Universitaires de GenèveBundesministerium für Bildung und ForschungAmgenFriedrich-Schiller-Universität JenaPublic Health Agency of CanadaTrường Đại học Duy TânWellcome TrustAuckland University of Technology, New ZealandCase Western Reserve UniversityHelsingin YliopistoDanoneHarvard UniversitySimmons CollegeRede de Química e TecnologiaNational Cerebral and Cardiovascular CenterSanofiPacific Institute for Research and EvaluationSouth Dakota Governor's Office of Economic DevelopmentNational Research Foundation
- Mots-clés
- MedicineEnvironmental healthBurden of diseasePopulationDisease burdenAttributable riskRisk factorDiseaseNutrition transitionDemographyObesityOverweightInternal medicine
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