Suppressing quantum errors by scaling a surface code logical qubit
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Résumé
Abstract Practical quantum computing will require error rates well below those achievable with physical qubits. Quantum error correction 1,2 offers a path to algorithmically relevant error rates by encoding logical qubits within many physical qubits, for which increasing the number of physical qubits enhances protection against physical errors. However, introducing more qubits also increases the number of error sources, so the density of errors must be sufficiently low for logical performance to improve with increasing code size. Here we report the measurement of logical qubit performance scaling across several code sizes, and demonstrate that our system of superconducting qubits has sufficient performance to overcome the additional errors from increasing qubit number. We find that our distance-5 surface code logical qubit modestly outperforms an ensemble of distance-3 logical qubits on average, in terms of both logical error probability over 25 cycles and logical error per cycle ((2.914 ± 0.016)% compared to (3.028 ± 0.023)%). To investigate damaging, low-probability error sources, we run a distance-25 repetition code and observe a 1.7 × 10 −6 logical error per cycle floor set by a single high-energy event (1.6 × 10 −7 excluding this event). We accurately model our experiment, extracting error budgets that highlight the biggest challenges for future systems. These results mark an experimental demonstration in which quantum error correction begins to improve performance with increasing qubit number, illuminating the path to reaching the logical error rates required for computation.
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La notice
- Revue
- Nature
- Thématique
- Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
- Domaine
- Computer Science
- Établissements canadiens
- —
- Organismes subventionnaires
- University of California, Santa BarbaraCanadian Institute for Advanced ResearchAmes Research CenterNational Aeronautics and Space Administration
- Mots-clés
- QubitComputer scienceError detection and correctionQuantum computerAlgorithmQuantum error correctionWord error rateCode (set theory)Flux qubitQuantumTheoretical computer scienceTopology (electrical circuits)Set (abstract data type)PhysicsMathematicsQuantum mechanicsArtificial intelligence
- Résumé présent dans OpenAlex
- oui