Bibliographic record
Abstract
Irregular migration is a growing, global issue that is still undertheorized in the Canadian context. While economic globalization and capitalist expansion displace growing numbers of migrants, advanced nations including Canada are tightening their borders and increasing their immigration laws. With fewer legal migration channels available, a growing number of migrants are choosing irregular ways of life, whereby they reside, work, and raise their families underground. This paper critically assesses how irregular migration is produced and perpetuated in Canada. Following other critical migration scholars (Andrijasevic 2009; De Genova 2002; Goldring et al. 2009), I begin from the premise that not only laws, but nation-state rulers and agents, employers, and a diversity of social actors who may appear unconnected to the government engage in practices that contribute to the production of irregular migration. From this view, irregularity is seen less as a legal status and more as a sociopolitical condition generated and maintained by a range of structural and psychosocial determinants. Henceforth, I discuss several key geopolitical, juridicial, and sociopsychological determinants of irregularity in Canada. Further, I highlight the challenging conditions that constitute irregular life in the Canadian context in order to make imperative the need for social change as well as propose some directions for political action. La migration irrégulière est un phénomène global qui s’accroît, mais qui n’a pas encore été abordé dans le contexte canadien. Pendant que la globalisation économique et l’expansion du capitalisme déplacent un certain nombre d’immigrants, les pays développés, y compris le Canada resserrent leurs frontières et renforcent leurs lois d’immigrations. Avec quelques canaux de migration légaux disponibles, un nombre croissant d’immigrants choisissent les voies irrégulières de la vie, au moyen desquelles ils vivent, travaillent et élèvent leurs familles. Ce papier évalue de manière critique la façon dont la migration irrégulière se produit et se perpétue au Canada. Faisant suite à d’autres spécialistes critiques de la migration (Andrijasevic 2009; De Genova 2002; Goldring et al. 2009), je pars du principe que, non seulement les lois, mais aussi les dirigeants, les agents de l’Étatnation, les employeurs, les acteurs de la diversité sociale, qui peuvent paraitre déconnectés du gouvernement s’engagent dans des pratiques qui contribuent à la production de la migration irrégulière. De ce point de vue, l’irrégularité est considérée moins comme un statut légal ou encore une condition sociopolitique générée et maintenue par une gamme de déterminants structuraux et psychosociaux. Désormais, j’analyse quelques déterminants géographiques, juridiques et sociopsy-chologiques importants de l’irrégularité au Canada. Ensuite, je mets l’accent sur les conditions difficiles qui constituent la vie irrégulière dans le contexte canadien dans le but, non seulement de montrer le besoin impératif du changement mais aussi de proposer des orientations pour l’action politique.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.020 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".