Black Nurses in the Great War: Fighting for and with the American Military in the Struggle for Civil Rights
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Black nurses in the Great War waged a campaign for acceptance into the American Red Cross and U.S. military that blended professionalism with race consciousness in ways that would be felt ever since. This article challenges the traditional interpretation of this struggle as one of professional frustration and racial discrimination, and instead argues that the black nurses protest expanded their role as political activists. Black nurses saw themselves not only as health care professionals, but also as dedicated civil rights fighters. Their battle against the white power structure encouraged others to demand Increased opportunities and responsibilities. It also transformed the postwar environment, particularly in the field of public health. Finally, black nurses campaign for acceptance during World War I served as an important foundational movement. While not all of their goals were accomplished, black nurses developed many of the strategies later used during a similar campaign in World War II.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it