Use of Quinolones for Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bacterial sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are a global public health problem. The annual incidence of bacterial STDs exceeds 100,000,000. Unrecognized, asymptomatic, or latent infections may make this number closer to 200,000,000. A table depicts the bacterial STDs that are discussed in this chapter and identifies acute presentations and sequelae. Bacterial STDs, specifically those caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, are responsible for serious morbidity in women including pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, tubal infertility, chronic pelvic pain, neonatal infection, and increased risks of acquiring or transmitting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Heterotypic resistance was found in up to 69% of isolates each year, and patients with this pattern of resistance were more likely to fail therapy. Heterotypic resistance to the quinolones was recently reported in three patients whose isolates were resistant to doxycycline, azithromycin, and ofloxacin at concentrations > 4.0 mg/liter. Ofloxacin is now an alternate regimen for treatment of chlamydial infection in both the Canadian and U.S. treatment guidelines. The quinolones were found to be excellent drugs for the treatment of gonococcal infection. The fluoroquinolones, especially ciprofloxacin, were effective single-dose therapeutic agents for N. gonorrhoeae. Granuloma inguinale is a cause of genital ulceration in some parts of the world, including Southeast Asia, India, Australia, and South Africa. Ofloxacin, levofloxacin, and perhaps sparfloxacin provide equivalence to doxycycline for the treatment of C. trachomatis infections.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.018 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".