Ancient <i>and</i> Reformed?: Thomas Bell and Jacobean Conformist Thought
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This essay examines the work of Thomas Bell with the aim of setting forth aspects of Jacobean conformist thought. It argues that central to Bell’s writing was the need to address the English Church as a dually-established spiritual and political association, that is, as an institution that could trace its links to the ancient church, and as a “state” church wedded to the realm and comprising an additional channel of royal sovereignty. Critics of the English Church attacked both propositions in the course of debates on doctrine and discipline. These attacks were shaped by interpretations of scripture, the history of the early church, and the works of the Apostolic fathers. Bell’s Regiment of the Church, published in 1606, sought to mount a defence of the Church based on a definitive reading of ancient textual sources. The Church was both ancient and “reformed,” representing a restoration of the ancient Church, which yet retained the power to determine its own pattern of worship and governance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.031 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".