Assessment of Soil Resistivity on Grounding of Electrical Systems: A Case Study of North-East Zone, Nigeria
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electricity is dangerous and required proper grounding to prevent unwanted voltage from passing through personnel, critical equipment and other nearby metallic objects. This paper presents the impact of soil resistivity on earth electrode grounding by carrying out extensive measurement of tower footing earth electrode resistance and soil resistivity along the 330kV transmission line between Jos and Gombe in the North-East zone of Nigeria, using the Fall-of-Potential method and Wenner Array method. The study revealed that the values of earth electrode resistance range from 0.3 to 20 Ohms while the soil resistivity ranges from 60 to 1000 Ohm-m. The results confirmed that the values of earth electrode resistance have great impact on the types of soil in which the earth mat was grounded; hence effort should be made to improve soil resistivity for effective grounding of systems.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it