Policy Entrepreneurs and the Reorientation of National Security Policy under the G. W. Bush Administration (2001‐04)
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
How are we to explain U.S. foreign policy—particularly policy making on national security—during the transformative years of the G. W. Bush administration? Who were the actors and what were the factors that produced what were some of the most controversial policies? This article argues that security choices and decisions have been the results of the work and methods of “policy entrepreneurs.” It looks first at theoretical approaches to entrepreneurs and their influence over the formulation of national security policy, and secondly at who those entrepreneurs were and how they achieved their goal of transforming U.S. security policy. Two decisions are discussed: the invasion of Iraq and the legal redefinition of torture by the G. W. Bush administration. Related Articles Dolan , Chris J. 2008 . “.” Politics & Policy 36 (): 542 ‐ 585 . http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2007.00121.x/abstract Haar , Roberta . 2010 . “.” Politics & Policy 38 (): 965 ‐ 990 . http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2010.00265.x/abstract Clark , John F. 1995 . “.” Southeastern Political Review 23 (): 559 ‐ 579 . http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.1995.tb00076.x/abstract Related Media Films and Documentaries Brolin , Josh . 2009 . Lionsgate . http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1175491/ Kirk , Michael . 2006 . “.” Frontline Documentary . http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/darkside/ Kirk , Michael . 2005 . “.” Frontline Documentary. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/torture/ Jones , Sherry . 2008 . “.” Washington Media Associates . http://www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/torturingdemocracy/info/
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it