Doppler measurement accuracy in standard and high-sensitivity global navigation satellite system receivers
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Doppler frequency estimates generated by a global navigation satellite system receiver are essential for the evaluation of the user velocity. In this study, a theoretical framework allowing the evaluation of Doppler measurement accuracy is introduced. The variance of Doppler estimates is related to the carrier-to-noise density power ratio (C/N0) and the type of processing adopted by the receiver. Both standard sequential and high-sensitivity receivers adopting block processing techniques are considered. A general formula quantifying the Doppler variance is derived and applied to these two receiver architectures. Moreover, the concept of Doppler bandwidth is introduced for quantifying the amount of input noise transferred to the final Doppler estimates. The generality of the theory is validated using live GPS data and a good agreement between theoretical and empirical results is found.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it