Retreat pattern of the <scp>C</scp>ordilleran <scp>I</scp>ce <scp>S</scp>heet in central <scp>B</scp>ritish <scp>C</scp>olumbia at the end of the last glaciation reconstructed from glacial meltwater landforms
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The C ordilleran I ce S heet ( CIS ) covered much of the mountainous northwestern part of N orth A merica at least several times during the P leistocene. The pattern and timing of its growth and decay are, however, poorly understood. Here, we present a reconstruction of the pattern of ice‐sheet retreat in central B ritish C olumbia at the end of the last glaciation based on a palaeoglaciological interpretation of ice‐marginal meltwater channels, eskers and deltas mapped from satellite imagery and digital elevation models. A consistent spatial pattern of high‐elevation (1600–2400 m a.s.l.), ice‐marginal meltwater channels is evident across central B ritish C olumbia. These landforms indicate the presence of ice domes over the S keena M ountains and the central C oast M ountains early during deglaciation. Ice sourced in the C oast M ountains remained dominant over the southern and east‐central parts of the I nterior P lateau during deglaciation. Our reconstruction shows a successive westward retreat of the ice margin from the western foot of the R ocky M ountains, accompanied by the formation and rapid evolution of a glacial lake in the upper F raser R iver basin. The final stage of deglaciation is characterized by the frontal retreat of ice lobes through the valleys of the S keena and O mineca M ountains and by the formation of large esker systems in the most prominent topographic lows of the I nterior P lateau. We conclude that the CIS underwent a large‐scale reconfiguration early during deglaciation and was subsequently diminished by thinning and complex frontal retreat towards the C oast M ountains.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it