Geopolitics and revenue transparency in Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan, both rich in hydrocarbons, diverge in their attitudes toward global initiatives that promote transparency in extractive industries. While Azerbaijan became a champion of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative in the region, Turkmenistan declined to embrace the norm of revenue transparency. This paper analyzes the reasons for this outcome by evaluating the impact of external influences on the management of extractive industries in Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan since 1992. In particular, it questions the role of geopolitical and economic factors in making oil and gas revenues more transparent. The paper argues that in comparison with the leadership in Azerbaijan, the Turkmen elite had few incentives to cooperate with international organizations that promote transparency due to Turkmenistan’s dependency on Russian and Chinese pipelines and limited foreign investment from Western countries.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it