Hillslope sediments and landscape evolution in Wanuskewin Heritage Park : a geoarchaeological interpretation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Wanuskewin Heritage Park is situated approximately three kilometres north of the City of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan and is the location of 19 precontact archaeological sites.This study examines hillslope sediments and processes at four of the archaeological sites: Cut Arm, Meewasin, Amisk, and Thundercloud.The Cut Arm and Meewasin sites are in the South Saskatchewan River valley and the Amisk and Thundercloud sites are in the Opimihaw Creek valley.The Opimihaw Creek is a tributary of the South Saskatchewan River.The record of postglacial hillslope development is complex and fragmentary because not all erosional and depositional events are preserved at each of the study sites.However, the physical characteristics of the soil and sediment coupled with radiocarbon dates and dates from diagnostic cultural material indicate general trends.Hillslope activity began before 5.42 ± 0.12 ka BP in the Opimihaw Valley and 3.864 ± 0.055 ka BP in the South Saskatchewan Valley.Opimihaw Valley hillslope activity began during the Altithermal period, a period of aridity and warm temperatures between approximately 9 ka BP and 4 ka BP.In both valleys, numerous but weakly developed buried soils separated by hillslope sediment record repeated episodes of slope erosion and deposition between approximately 4.5 ka BP and 3.5 ka BP.Comparison with prairie lake sediments indicates this phase of slope erosion corresponds to a climatic change from the dry conditions of the Altithermal to a period of maximum Holocene humidity comments both in the field and during revision.I also thank the other members of my committee Dr. Urve Linnamae and Dr.Richard Morlan for their constructive criticism.Field and laboratory assistance from Raelene Brodie is
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".