Hillslope sediments and landscape evolution in Wanuskewin Heritage Park : a geoarchaeological interpretation
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Wanuskewin Heritage Park is situated approximately three kilometres north of the City of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan and is the location of 19 precontact archaeological sites.This study examines hillslope sediments and processes at four of the archaeological sites: Cut Arm, Meewasin, Amisk, and Thundercloud.The Cut Arm and Meewasin sites are in the South Saskatchewan River valley and the Amisk and Thundercloud sites are in the Opimihaw Creek valley.The Opimihaw Creek is a tributary of the South Saskatchewan River.The record of postglacial hillslope development is complex and fragmentary because not all erosional and depositional events are preserved at each of the study sites.However, the physical characteristics of the soil and sediment coupled with radiocarbon dates and dates from diagnostic cultural material indicate general trends.Hillslope activity began before 5.42 0.12 ka BP in the Opimihaw Valley and 3.864 0.055 ka BP in the South Saskatchewan Valley.Opimihaw Valley hillslope activity began during the Altithermal period, a period of aridity and warm temperatures between approximately 9 ka BP and 4 ka BP.In both valleys, numerous but weakly developed buried soils separated by hillslope sediment record repeated episodes of slope erosion and deposition between approximately 4.5 ka BP and 3.5 ka BP.Comparison with prairie lake sediments indicates this phase of slope erosion corresponds to a climatic change from the dry conditions of the Altithermal to a period of maximum Holocene humidity x 8.2 Photograph of the Thundercloud slope 8.3 An example of the grain size distribution in Thundercloud hillslope deposits 8.4 Diagram showing the stratigraphy in Thundercloud test pit 8.5 Photograph showing test pit at the Thundercloud site Xl
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it