"Deserving" Wives and "Drunken" Husbands: Wife Beating, Marital Conduct, and the Law in Ontario, 1850-1910
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
By the 1870s wife beating was no longer only whispered about among family members and neighbours, but had gradually started to become a matter for public discussion. Changing attitudes towards wife abuse had an impact on judicial reform. Legal records and newspapers from the period between 1870 and 1910 provide evidence that helps us to assess the influence of the reform movement, and especially the role of temperance, on social and legal responses to violence by husbands against their wives. Lobbying by temperance advocates, combined with political pressure from feminists, reformers, abused women, and the press, contributed to legislation in 1909 that, for the first time, recognized wife abuse as a crime separate from common assault. As the practice of the courts shows, however, legal sanctions remained largely ineffective despite the rhetoric of the day.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it