Tracking leakage from a natural CO<sub>2</sub> reservoir (Montmiral, France) through the chemistry and isotope signatures of shallow groundwater
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Natural accumulations and releases of CO 2 provide the opportunity to study the CO 2 trapping and migration mechanisms, the potential impacts of CO 2 leaks, and the monitoring tools to assess the impacts of geological storage of anthropogenic CO 2 . Previous studies on the deep CO 2 reservoir of Montmiral (France), focusing on soil gases, groundwater, as well as deep fluids, did not detect any signs of leaks and despite high CO 2 fluxes suspiciously high δ 13 C values have not been stated. In order to further investigate whether some CO 2 has leaked from the reservoir toward the surface, we focus here on the major and trace element geochemistry of the shallow aquifers overlying the reservoir with a special focus on the carbonate system, using isotope tracers potentially sensitive to leaks (δ 13 C of DIC, 87 Sr/ 86 Sr and stable isotopes of water). A forward modeling of the potential evolution of groundwater in case of leaks was performed, combining equilibrium calculations of the carbonate system and an ad hoc carbon isotope model. Most observed δ 13 C values are compatible with modeled carbonate dissolution under open or closed conditions with respect to CO 2 . A 13 C‐enriched subset of samples shows clear signs of incongruent dissolution of Mg‐Sr‐calcite or dolomite, corroborated by 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios, so that mixing with isotopically heavy deep CO 2 is not required to explain the observed chemical and isotope data. The absence of any sign of CO 2 leakage into shallow groundwater would support the fact that the reservoir and caprock have been trapping the CO 2 efficiently over millions of years.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it