Economic development approaches in a changing global economy: what do practitioners think?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
How to best arrange locally based economic development has been an issue of continuing importance and interest throughout history. Although some limited scholarly works exist, much remains to be known about how communities' economic development efforts are organized and whether they are changing in response to global economic changes and conditions. The lacuna is particularly obvious for communities in Ontario, Canada. In light of the recent calls by policy evaluators and critics for restructuring of policy by local communities, this article reports on a study that explored the perspectives of practitioners of economic development approaches. The study shows that locally based economic development has introduced not only rhetoric but also a fundamental shift in activities. The study offers several possible reasons for a change in approaches.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.051 | 0.045 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.011 | 0.051 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.029 | 0.028 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.010 |
| Research integrity | 0.011 | 0.018 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".