Roberts, Alasdair. 2006. Blacked Out: Government Secrecy in the Information Age. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Blacked Out, Alasdair Roberts, introduces the topics of transparency and government secrecy through a discussion of the marked increase of access to information legislation, also known as freedom of information legislation, enacted in the 1990s.Roberts is one of the foremost scholars in this field, as well as a long-term right-to-know advocate and user of access to information measures.Roberts contextualises right-to-know movements globally through a survey of their victories, particularly by tracing the trend toward enacting access legislation.He notes that in the early 1980s, only 8 countries had access legislation, but over the following two decades that number rose sharply to 59 countries (as of 2004).Through telling examples of exposing corruption and government abuses in India, Thailand, Japan, Great Britain, and Uganda, among others, he demonstrates the benefits of a legislated right to access government documents, and government transparency more generally.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.024 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.010 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.028 | 0.009 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".