Security Council Targeted Sanctions, Due Process and the 1267 Ombudsperson
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Since its inception the Security Council’s 1267 sanctions regime has come under fire from UN member states, listed individuals and entities, domestic and international courts and tribunals, human rights NGO’s and even other organs of the UN, that all claim the 1267 sanctions regime does not secure targeted individuals’ procedural due process rights, particularly the right to an effective remedy. For instance, in June 2009 a Canadian Federal Court Judge noted that the 1267 sanctions regime creates a situation for the listed individual that is “not unlike that of Josef K. in Kafka’s The Trial, who awakens one morning, and for reasons never revealed to him or the reader, is arrested and prosecuted for an unspecified crime”. Now some courts and governments of UN member states have decided that they will not comply with UNSC sanctions regime, which was adopted under Chapter VII, because it does not comply with procedural due process rights of targeted individuals. Such actions threaten to undermine the Security Council’s ability to secure international peace and security through its sanctions power. Thus, this Article raises the question of whether or not, given the Security Council’s exceptional status in international law, there are any legal bases for a Security Council obligation to ensure that rights of procedural due process are made available to individuals directly targeted with sanctions under Chapter VII of the UN Charter. After an in depth discussion of this question, it is contended that the Security Council does have a legal obligation to render the listing and delisting procedures of the 1267 sanctions regime consistent with fundamental norms of procedural due process and furthermore. Finally, the functions, powers, and independence of 1267 Ombudsperson, which was created by a December 2009 Security Council resolution, is analyzed to determine whether or not it’s establishment has rectified the 1267 sanctions regime deficiencies. * J.D., certificate in International Law, Loyola University New Orleans College of Law; August 2010 Public International Law [specialization in Peace, Justice & Development] Advanced LL.M. candidate, Universiteit Leiden Law School, Grotius Centre for International Legal Studies in The Hague.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.016 | 0.031 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.011 | 0.014 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.012 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.016 | 0.013 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".