Debris Accumulation Patterns on Talus Slopes in Surprise Valley, Alberta
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the results of the measurement of debris accumulation processes, patterns and volumes at seven sites over a 13-year period in Surprise Valley, Alberta, Canada. Mean accumulation rates range up to ca 5 mm/yr and are strongly influenced by the amount and frequency of snow avalanche activity. All talus slopes studied experienced avalanches during the 13-year period and avalanche erosion is important in modifying and reworking the surface of these slopes. Mapped depositional patterns on selected slopes indicate deposition is more probable and usually greater on upper an middle slopes but avalanche erosion may result in greater volumes of deposition on lower slopes in some years (almost one year in two at the most active sites). There is high year-to-year and site-tosite variation in avalanche activity indicating that local, site specific controls are the most important determinant of depositional patterns. Rockfall amounts are underestimated by the point sampling techniques used in this study. Limited available data suggest rockfall inputs to the talus exceed those by snow avalanches (much of the avalanche deposition is reworked from upslope) and a least two major debris-flow generating events were recorded over a 13-year period.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".