Computerized corneal topography in a paediatric population with Down syndrome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To characterize abnormal corneal topographic changes using corneal computerized videokeratography (CVK) in a paediatric population with Down syndrome, and in their parents. METHODS: Prospective, non-randomized clinical trial. Twenty-one children with Down syndrome (mean age 6.9 years) recruited from The Hospital for Sick Children, 18 of their parents, and a paediatric control group of 60 otherwise well children (mean age 9 years), underwent complete ocular examination and CVK using the EyeSys system. Corneal topographic maps were assessed subjectively, and three objective parameters analysed: central corneal power (CP), difference in central corneal power between the two eyes (DCP), and inferior-superior steepening asymmetry (I-S). RESULTS: Corneal curvature in children with Down syndrome was significantly steeper than in the paediatric control population (CP 46.66 vs 42.60 D, P <0.0001), but changes with age paralleled that of the control population. DCP and I-S values were also significantly different from the control population (P <0.0001). 39% of the parents of children with Down syndrome had at least one abnormal parameter. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that CVK is a useful tool in the ocular assessment of patients with Down syndrome. The findings suggest that this patient population have abnormalities of corneal shape even in the absence of clinical evidence of keratoconus. A greater than expected incidence of abnormal topographic changes was observed in the parents of these patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".