Spectral excitation coding of speech at 2.4 kb/s
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present spectral excitation coding (SEC), a speech codec based on a sinusoidal model applied to the excitation signal. A phase dispersion algorithm allows the same model to be used for voiced as well as unvoiced and transitional sounds. The phase dispersion algorithm significantly improves the perceived quality resulting in more natural reconstructed speech. A new technique for variable dimension vector quantization called nonsquare transform vector quantization (NSTVQ) is used for quantization of the harmonic magnitudes. The SEC system at 2.45 kb/s achieved an MOS score 0.8 points higher than the 2.4 kb/s ZPC-10 standard. A preliminary 1.85 kb/s SEC system which uses zero-bit magnitude quantization is also presented. Informal listening tests indicate that the quality of the 1.85 kb/s system exceeds that of the LPC-10 standard.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it