Retour sur les origines du mouvement ouvrier québécois: profil et aspirations des militants syndicaux et démocrates durant les années 1830
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cet article, qui se veut A la croisEe des chemins entre une demarche prosopographique et une approche d’histoire sociale, entend examiner des logiques jusqu’a maintenant inexplorees au sein du monde ouvrier bas-canadien des annees 1830. C’est ainsi qu’a partir d’un portrait d’ensemble de quelque quatre-vingts militants ouvriers de la premiere heure, nous tenterons de poser certains elements nouveaux de reflexion sur cette periode tourmentee de notre histoire. Quelle lecture pouvons-nous faire des divers fragments de vie d’ouvriers quebecois engages dans des actions syndicales et revendicatives durant les annees 1830? En quoi leur experience est-elle revelatrice d’un milieu social a cheval entre la tradition et la modernite? D’ores et deja, nous pouvons dire que ces premiers militants sont issus generalement de metiers (typographes, cordonniers, tailleurs d’habits, charpentiers-menuisiers, etc.), dont le cadre normatif d’ascension professionnelle etait particulierement menace par l’avenement du marche capitaliste du travail et par les premieres tentatives de rationalisation du travail en manufacture. Outre le fait d’avoir rendu possible la personnification des gestes et de la parole ouvriere, cette recherche a revele la diversite et la polyvalence des engagements ouvriers (syndicats, cooperatives, societes de secours mutuel, associations civiques antimonopole, etc.) durant la periode, de meme que le role primordial joue par les bourses ouvrieres du travail, en vue de controler l’offre en main-d’oeuvre dans les villes, et l’importance de l’ideologie du republicanisme ouvrier aupres des classes populaires. Grâce a ce riche materiel biographique, nous avons ete egalement en mesure de decouvrir l’etonnante ambivalence du monde ouvrier face au mouvement patriote et reformiste des annees 1830. Abstract: Situated at the crossroads of prosopography and social history, this article develops a portrait of 80 labour activists who agitated in Lower Canada during the 1830s. This turbulent period of history, culminating in the Rebellion of 1837–1838, gave rise to a variety of protests, including those associated with early union organizing. As such, the subjects of the following biographical reflections could be considered precursors of the labour movement. What can be deduced from these biographies of militants engaged in protest actions during the 1830s? Do they provide insights about a social milieu that contained elements of both tradition and modernity? This first generation of labour activists belonged to trades (typographers, shoemakers, tailors, carpenters/joiners, etc.) whose upward mobility had been curbed by the consolidating labour market and the first attempts to rationalize work in the manufacturing sector. In adding a personal dimension to the labour actions and discourses of the 1830s, this research highlights the diversity of militant activity in the period (unions, cooperatives, mechanic institutes, mutual societies, civic associations against monopolies, etc.). This biographical presentation also underscores the important role of labour exchange agencies under union control in regulating work in cities, as well as the importance of the ideology of republicanism within the labour movement. Finally, this rich biographical material draws attention to the astonishing ambivalence of the labouring classes with respect to the Lower Canadian Patriot and Reform movement during the 1830s.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.016 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".