On the comparison between code-index modulation and spatial modulation techniques
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recently, two promising modulation techniques have been developed aiming to increase data rate and save energy while being simple to implement. These modulation schemes belong to two different communication methods, however, they share the common structure of using an index as an additional parameter to convey information. The first scheme known as spatial modulation (SM), is a scheme that uses multiple antennas at the transmitter side where just one antenna is activated at a time and its index is used as means to convey information. The second is known as code-index modulation (CIM), a system that uses multiple spreading codes, where a certain code is selected and its index is used as a mechanism to ferry data. In this paper, we present these two modulation techniques and we discuss the associated set of challenges for each scheme. Moreover, in order to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each technique, we compare the energy efficiency, the system complexity, and the bit error rate performance of the SM and CIM schemes.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it