Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Millman Fireball Archive is a collection of 3876 report cards relating to 2129 visually-observed fireball meteors, seen from across Canada in the time interval 1962 to 1989. We provide an overview of the origin of the archive and present tables describing the monthly and yearly fireball numbers. We also present a selection of statistical results relating to fireball sounds (both sonic and simultaneous), finding that approximately one in fifteen of the observed fireball events was identified as producing some distinctive sound phenomenon. It is found that if sonic booms are associated with a given fireball event then some 12.8 ± 9.0 percent of the reports note the occurrence; if simultaneous sounds are associated with a fireball then 5.7 ± 1.8 percent of the reports acknowledge its detection. In addition, a comparison between the visually observed fireballs and the MORP camera survey results reveals that on average the visual observers recorded about one in five of the photographed fireball events. Finally, we find that a remarkably good, linear relationship exists between the average number of fireball events recorded per year and population density. As oft along the still and pure serene, At nightfall glides a sudden trail of fire, Attracting with involuntary heed, The eye to follow it, ere while it rest, And seems some star that shifted place in heaven
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.011 | 0.014 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.058 | 0.033 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".